Ken Shoulders has, for over 10 years, looked at electron validums, EV, (his term) as a major factor in so called "cold fusion" reactions.
The EV is considered by Shoulders to be a large cluster of 10e6 to 10e12 electrons in a unit entity (much like a mini ball lightning). All the electrons in an EV are posited to be in a surface shell spherical object and not a dense electron sphere. This makes the EV large by theory (~10e-4cm!)
Anyway, in the files section you can find the paper "Energy Cnversion from the Exotic Vacuum", his latest paper on the subject with some interesting SEMS images. All of his work is surface stuff which is where most CF worker agree all reactions happen by what ever method they champion.
It shows how the theory is all over the place in an effort to explain mostly CANR/LENR now.
Richard Hull
Electron Validums posited as cause of cold fusion
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Richard Hull
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Electron Validums posited as cause of cold fusion
Progress may have been a good thing once, but it just went on too long. - Yogi Berra
Fusion is the energy of the future....and it always will be
The more complex the idea put forward by the poor amateur, the more likely it will never see embodiment
Fusion is the energy of the future....and it always will be
The more complex the idea put forward by the poor amateur, the more likely it will never see embodiment